Hronic kidney failure, describes the gradual loss of kidney function is called Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD).Chronic kidney disease includes conditions that damage your kidneys and decrease their ability to keep you healthy by doing the jobs listed.

Also, kidney disease increases your risk of having heart and blood vessel disease. These problems may happen slowly over a long period of time. Chronic kidney disease may be caused by diabetes, high blood pressure and other disorders.

There are many different types of CKD. Four of the main types are described below:

Acute prerenal kidney failure

Insufficient blood flow to the kidneys can cause acute prerenal kidney failure. The kidneys can’t filter toxins from the blood without enough blood flow. This type of kidney failure can usually be cured once your doctor determines the cause of the decreased blood flow.

Acute intrinsic kidney failure

Acute intrinsic kidney failure can result from direct trauma to the kidneys, such as physical impact or an accident. Causes also include toxin overload and ischemia, which is a lack of oxygen to the kidneys.

The following may cause ischemia:

• severe bleeding
• shock
• renal blood vessel obstruction
• glomerulonephritis

Chronic prerenal kidney failure

When there isn’t enough blood flowing to the kidneys for an extended period of time, the kidneys begin to shrink and lose the ability to function.

Chronic intrinsic kidney failure

This happens when there’s long-term damage to the kidneys due to intrinsic kidney disease. Intrinsic kidney disease develops from a direct trauma to the kidneys, such as severe bleeding or a lack of oxygen.

Chronic post-renal kidney failure

A long-term blockage of the urinary tract prevents urination. This causes pressure and eventual kidney damage.

The most important risk factors of heart disease and stroke are unhealthy diet, physical inactivity, tobacco use and harmful use of alcohol. The effects of risk factors may show up in individuals as raised blood pressure, raised blood glucose, raised blood lipids, and overweight and obesity. These “intermediate risks factors” can be measured in primary care facilities and indicate an increased risk of developing a heart attack, stroke, heart failure and other complications.

• Smoking
• High cholesterol
• Diabetes
• Unhealthy lifestyle and unhealthy diet
• Stress
• Alcohol
• Vasculitis, an inflammation of blood vessels
• Certain antibiotics
• Uncontrolled diabetes
• Hemolytic uremic syndrome,
• Lupus, an autoimmune disease

• Fatigue – being tired all of the time
• Shortness of breath – after very little effort
• Feeling cold – when others are warm
• Trouble thinking clearly
• Feeling faint, dizzy, or weak
• Swelling in hands or feet
• Feeling very itchy
• Food tastes like metal
• Swollen or puffy face
• Upset stomach, nausea, vomiting
• Foamy or bubbly urine
• Getting up during the night to make urine
• Pressure when you make urine
• Brown, red, or purple urine

Prevention of kidney diseases:

• You can protect your kidneys by preventing or managing health conditions that cause kidney damage, such as diabetes and high blood pressure.
• Choose foods that are healthy for your heart and your entire body: fresh fruits, fresh vegetables, whole grains, and low-fat or fat-free dairy products. Eat healthy meals, and cut back on salt and added sugars. Target for less than 2,300 milligrams of sodium each day.
• A diet high in fruit and vegetables and low in salt, sugar and fats is best. Drink plenty of water and avoid sugary drinks (such as soft drinks).
• There are few fruits and seeds that are good for kidney health. Such as Black plum, papaya, banana and Pumpkin seeds, etc.
• Drinking enough water each day is an important part of your health. After all, about 60-70% of your body weight is made up of water, and every part of your body needs it to function properly. Water is also very important for good kidney health. We have to drink proper amount of water daily to keep our kidney healthy. It is suggested by the doctors that one person should drink at least 8 glass of water daily (3 liters to 4 liters).
• We have to drink more water at day time. After 7pm we need to drink less water.
• We have to avoid too much salt in our diet. Eating too much salt is associated with high blood pressure.
• For healthy life we have to quit smoking and drinking alcohol. Smoking reduces blood flow to your kidneys. It damages kidney function in people with or without kidney disease. Alcohol increases your blood pressure. The extra calories in it can make you gain weight, too.
• Regular physical exercise is very important to keep good health. watch your weight because being overweight increases your risk of diabetes and high blood pressure, which in turn increase your risk of kidney disease